Architectural Theory

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Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_1_pretoc Final Proof page i Architectural Theory 13.6.2005 10:18pm Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_1_pretoc Final Proof page ii 13.6.2005 10:18pm ARCHITECTURAL THEORY Volume I An Anthology from Vitruvius to 1870 Edited by Harry Francis Mallgrave Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_1_pretoc Final Proof page iv 13.6.2005 10:18pm Editorial material and organization ß 2006 by Harry Francis Mallgrave BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Harry Francis Mallgrave to be identified as the Author of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2006 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Architectural theory, volume I: an anthology from Vitruvius to 1870 / edited by Harry Francis Mallgrave. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0257-5 (hard cover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-0257-8 (hard cover : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0258-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-0258-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Architecture–Philosophy. I. Mallgrave, Harry Francis. NA2500.A7115 2005 720’.1–dc22 2004030886 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10/13pt Dante by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_2_toc Final Proof page v 14.6.2005 9:31am CONTENTS xxi Preface xxiii General Introduction Part I: Classicism and the Renaissance 1 A. The Classical and Medieval Traditions 3 Introduction 3 1. 2. 3. 4. Vitruvius from On Architecture, Book 1 (c.25 Vitruvius from On Architecture, Book 2 (c.25 BC) BC) Vitruvius from On Architecture, Book 4 (c.25 BC) Old Testament from I Kings 6. Old Testament from The Book of Ezekiel (c.586 8. 9 Vitruvius from On Architecture, Book 3 (c.25 5. 7. 5 BC) 11 12 15 18 BC) New Testament from The Revelation of Jesus Christ to Saint John (c.95 Abbot Suger from The Book of Suger, Abbot of Saint-Denis (c.1144) 20 AD) 22 Mallgrave / Architectural 9. 1405102578_2_toc Final Proof page vi 14.6.2005 9:31am William Durandus from The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments (1286) 24 B. Renaissance and Baroque Ideals 26 Introduction 26 10. Antonio di Tuccio Manetti from The Life of Brunelleschi (1480s) 28 11. Leon Battista Alberti from On the Art of Building, Prologue and Book I (1443–52) 30 12. Leon Battista Alberti from On the Art of Building, Book 6 (1443–52) 32 13. Leon Battista Alberti from On the Art of Building, Book 9 (1443–52) 34 14. Il Filarete from Book 1 of his untitled treatise on architecture (1461–3) 36 15. Il Filarete from Book 8 of his untitled treatise on architecture 39 16. Sebastiano Serlio from Book 3, The Complete Works on Architecture and Perspective (1540) 42 17. Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola from Preface to Rules of the Five Orders of Architecture (1562) 44 18. Palladio from The Four Books of Architecture (1570) 46 19. Juan Bautista Villalpando from Ezekiel Commentaries (1604) 48 20. Georgio Vasari from Preface to Lives of the Most Eminent Italian Architects, Painters, and Sculptors (1550, 1568) 50 21. Georgio Vasari from ‘‘Life of Michelangelo’’ in Lives of the Most Eminent Italian Architects, Painters, and Sculptors (1550, 1568) 53 22. Peter Paul Rubens from Preface to Palaces of Genoa (1622) 55 VI C ON T EN T S Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_2_toc Final Proof page vii 14.6.2005 9:31am Part II: Classicism in France and Britain 57 A. French Classicism: Ancients and Moderns 59 Introduction 59 23. René Descartes from Rules for the Direction of the Mind (1628) 61 24. Roland Fréart de Chambray from Preface to A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the Modern (1650) 62 25. Paul Fréart de Chantelou from Diary of the Cavaliere Bernini’s Visit to France (1665) 65 26. François Blondel from ‘‘Inaugural Lecture to the Academy of Architecture’’ (1671) 70 27. François Blondel, from Architecture Course (1675) 72 28. René Ouvrard from Harmonic Architecture (1677) 72 29. Claude Perrault annotations to French translation of The Ten Books of Architecture of Vitruvius (1673) 74 30. François Blondel from Architecture Course, Vol. II (1683) 76 31. Claude Perrault from The Ten Books of Architecture of Vitruvius, second edition (1684) 77 32. Claude Perrault from Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns After the Method of the Ancients (1683) 78 33. Jean-François Félibien from Preface to Historical Survey of the Life and Works of the Most Celebrated Architects (1687) 81 34. Charles Perrault from Preface to Parallel of the Ancients and Moderns with Regard to the Arts and Sciences (1688) 82 35. Charles Perrault from ‘‘Design of a Portal for the Church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris’’ (1697) 83 36. Michel de Frémin from Critical Memoirs on Architecture (1702) 84 CO N TE N TS VII Mallgrave / Architectural 37. 1405102578_2_toc Final Proof page viii 14.6.2005 9:31am Jean-Louis de Cordemoy from New Treatise on All Architecture or the Art of Building (1706, 1714) 86 B. British Classicism and Palladianism 88 Introduction 88 38. Henry Wotton from The Elements of Architecture (1624) 89 39. Christopher Wren from Tract I on architecture (mid-1670s) 91 40. Christopher Wren from Tracts II and IV on architecture (mid-1670s) 93 41. Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury from Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711) 94 42. Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury from ‘‘A Letter Concerning Design’’ (1712) 98 43. Colin Campbell Introduction to Vitruvius Britannicus, Vol. I (1715) 101 44. Nicholas Du Bois Translator’s Preface to The Architecture of A. Palladio (1715) 103 45. William Kent ‘‘Advertisement’’ to The Designs of Inigo Jones (1727) 106 46. James Gibbs Introduction to A Book of Architecture (1728) 107 47. Robert Morris from An Essay in Defence of Ancient Architecture (1728) 109 48. Alexander Pope from Of False Taste (1731) 112 49. Isaac Ware ‘‘Advertisement’’ to Andrea Palladio: The Four Books of Architecture (1737) 114 50. Robert Morris from ‘‘An Essay upon Harmony’’ (1739) 115 VIII C ON T EN T S Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_2_toc Final Proof page ix 14.6.2005 9:31am Part III: Neoclassicism and the Enlightenment 119 A. Early Neoclassicism 121 Introduction 121 51. Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach from Preface to Outline for a Historical Architecture (1721) 122 52. Voltaire from Philosophic Letters on the English (1733) 123 53. Jacques-Gabriel Soufflot from ‘‘Memoir on Architectural Proportions’’ (1739) 125 54. Jacques-Gabriel Soufflot from ‘‘Memoir on Gothic Architecture’’ (1741) 126 55. Carlo Lodoli from Notes for a projected treatise on architecture (c.1740s) 127 56. Baron de Montesquieu from Preface to The Spirit of the Laws (1748) 130 57. Jean-Jacques Rousseau from ‘‘Discourse on the Sciences and Arts’’ (1750) 132 58. Jean Le Rond D’Alembert from ‘‘Preliminary Discourse of the Editors’’ (1751) 135 59. Jacques-François Blondel from ‘‘Architecture’’ in Diderot’s Encyclopedia (1751) 138 60. Charles-Étienne Briseux from Preface to Treatise on Essential Beauty in the Arts (1752) 140 61. Marc-Antoine Laugier from Essay on Architecture (1753) 141 62. Marc-Antoine Laugier from Essay on Architecture (1753) 144 63. Isaac Ware from A Complete Body of Architecture, Chapter II (1756) 147 64. Isaac Ware from A Complete Body of Architecture, Chapter IX (1756) 148 65. William Chambers from A Treatise on Civil Architecture (1759) 150 66. William Chambers from A Treatise on the Decorative Part of Civil Architecture (1791) 152 CO NTE N TS IX Mallgrave / Architectural 1405102578_2_toc Final Proof page x 14.6.2005 9:31am B. Greece and the Classical Ideal 154 Introduction 154 67. James Stuart and Nicholas Revett from ‘‘Proposals for publishing an accurate description of the Antiquities of Athens’’ (1748) 155 68. Robert Wood and James Dawkins from The Ruins of Palmyra (1753) 158 69. Johann Joachim Winckelmann from Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture (1755) 159 70. Allan Ramsay from ‘‘A Dialogue on Taste’’ in The Investigator (1755) 163 71. Julien-David Le Roy from The Ruins of the Most Beautiful Monuments of Greece (1758) 165 72. Julien-David Le Roy from The Ruins of the Most Beautiful Monuments of Greece (1758) 168 73. James Stuart and Nicholas Revett from Preface to The Antiquities of Athens (1762) 169 74. Johann Joachim Winckelmann from History of the Art of Antiquity (1764) 172 75. Johann Joachim Winckelmann from History of the Art of Antiquity (1764) 174 76. Johann Joachim Winckelmann from History of the Art of Antiquity (1764) 176 77. Giovanni Battista Piranesi from ‘‘Observations on the Letter of Monsieur Mariette’’ (1765) 178 78. Giovanni Battista Piranesi from Opinions on Architecture (1765) 185 79. Giovanni Battista Piranesi from ‘‘An Apologetical Essay in Defence of the Egyptian and Tuscan Architecture’’ (1769) 188 C. Character and Expression 190 Introduction 190 80. Germain Boffrand from Book of Architecture (1745) 191 X C ON T EN T S
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