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Acne Scars Classification and Treatment Second Edition Series in Dermatological Treatment About the Series Published in association with the Journal of Dermatological Treatment, the series in Dermatological Treatment keeps readers up to date with the latest clinical therapies to improve problems with the skin, hair, and nails. Each volume in the series is prepared separately and typically focuses on a topical theme. Volumes are published on an occasional basis, depending on the emergence of new developments. Facial Skin Disorders Ronald Marks Textbook of Atopic Dermatitis Sakari Reitamo, Thomas A. Unger and Martin Steinhoff Acne Scares: Classification and Treatment, First Edition Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova and Kenneth R. Beer Abdominal Stomas and Their Skin Disorders, Second Edition Callum C. Lyon and Amanda Smith Nail Surgery Bertrand Richert, Nilson Di Chiacchio and Eckart Haneke Dermatoscopy in Clinical Practice, Second Edition: Beyond Pigmented Lesions Giuseppe Micali and Francesco Lacarrubba Phototherapy Treatment Protocols, Third Edition Steven R. Feldman and Michael D. Zanolli For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.crcpress.com/Series-in-DermatologicalTreatment/book-series/CRCSERDERTRE Acne Scars Classification and Treatment Second Edition Edited by Antonella Tosti, MD Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA Maria Pia De Padova, MD Department of Dermatology, Ospedale Privato Nigrisoli, Bologna, Italy Gabriella Fabbrocini, MD Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy Kenneth R. Beer, MD Beer Dermatology Associates, West Palm Beach and Jupiter, Florida, USA CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-89422-8 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. 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For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tosti, A. (Antonella), editor. | De Padova, Maria Pia, editor. | Fabbrocini, Gabriella, editor. | Beer, Kenneth, editor. Title: Acne scars : classification and treatment / edited by Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini and Kenneth R. Beer. Other titles: Series in dermatological treatment. Description: Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2019] | Series: Series in dermatological treatment | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018025044| ISBN 9781138894228 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315179889 (ebook : alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Acne Vulgaris--complications | Cicatrix--therapy | Cicatrix--physiopathology Classification: LCC RL131 | NLM WR 430 | DDC 616.5/3--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018025044 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Contributors.............................................................................................................................................. vii 1 Classification of Acne Scars: Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation.......................................... 1 Giuseppe Micali, Francesco Lacarrubba, and Aurora Tedeschi 2 Pathophysiology of Acne Scars........................................................................................................ 9 Enzo Berardesca, Maria Mariano, and Norma Cameli 3 Topical Drugs for Prevention and Treatment of Acne Scars.......................................................14 Jonette Keri 4 Superficial Peeling............................................................................................................................18 Jessica Cervantes, Maria Pia De Padova, and Antonella Tosti 5 Medium-Depth and Deep Peeling.................................................................................................. 29 Marina Landau 6 Microdermabrasion and Dermabrasion........................................................................................41 Annie Chiu, Deirdre Hooper, and Katherine O. Brag 7 Fillers for Acne Scarring................................................................................................................ 54 Karin Eshagh and Sabrina Fabi 8 Skin Needling in Acne Scars.......................................................................................................... 67 Gabriella Fabbrocini, Marianna Donnarumma, and Maria Vastarella 9 Hyaluronic Acid, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Polylactic Reasorbable Threads in Acne Scars.................................................................................................................... 74 Gabriella Fabbrocini, Marianna Donnarumma, and Maria Vastarella 10 Fractional Photothermolysis in Acne Scars.................................................................................. 89 Gillian Beer, Patrick M. Zito, Adrianna Gonzalez, and Kenneth R. Beer 11 Non-Ablative and Ablative Devices in Acne Scars....................................................................... 94 Vic A. Narurkar 12 Surgical Techniques: Subcision, Grafting, Excision, and Punch Techniques......................... 100 Rohit Kakar, Farhaad Riyaz, Megan Pirigyi, and Murad Alam 13 Clinical Importance of Corrective Cover Cosmetic (Camouflage) and Quality-of-Life Outcome in the Management of Patients with Acne Scarring and/or Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation......................................................................................119 Aurora Tedeschi and Giorgia Giuffrida v vi Contents 14 Acne Scarring and Asian Patients............................................................................................... 124 Evangeline B. Handog, Maria Juliet E. Macarayo, and Chee Leok Goh 15 Acne Scarring and Patients of African Descent......................................................................... 137 Aldo D. Galvez and Amy J. McMichael 16 Treatment Algorithm for Acne Scars.......................................................................................... 154 Daniele Innocenzi, Ilaria Proietti, Concetta Potenza, Patrick M. Zito, and Kenneth R. Beer Index........................................................................................................................................................175 Contributors Murad Alam, MD, MSCI, MBA Departments of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois Gillian Beer Beer Dermatology Associates West Palm Beach, Florida Kenneth R. Beer, MD Beer Dermatology Associates West Palm Beach and Jupiter, Florida Enzo Berardesca, MD San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome, Italy Katherine O. Brag, MD Department of Dermatology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Norma Cameli, MD, PhD San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome, Italy Jessica Cervantes, BS University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida Annie Chiu, MD Private Practice Redondo Beach, California Maria Pia De Padova, MD Department of Dermatology Ospedale Privato Nigrisoli Bologna, Italy Marianna Donnarumma, MD Section of Dermatology University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy Karin Eshagh, MD Department of Dermatology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York City, New York Gabriella Fabbrocini, MD Department of Dermatology University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy Sabrina Fabi, MD, FAAD, FAACS Cosmetic Laser Dermatology La Jolla, California and University of California San Diego Medical Center San Diego, California Aldo D. Galvez, MD Department of Dermatology Cayetano Heredia University Lima, Peru Giorgia Giuffrida Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology Unit University Hospital “G. Martino” Messina, Italy and Dermatology Clinic University of Catania Catania, Italy Chee Leok Goh, MD, MBBS, MRCP Senior Consultant Dermatologist National Skin Centre Singapore Adrianna Gonzalez, MD Beer Dermatology Associates West Palm Beach, Florida vii viii Evangeline B. Handog, MD, FPDS Department of Dermatology Asian Hospital and Medical Center Muntinlupa, Philippines and Contributors Maria Mariano, MD San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome, Italy YLL School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Amy J. McMichael, MD Department of Dermatology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina Deirdre Hooper, MD Department of Dermatology Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana Giuseppe Micali, MD Dermatology Clinic University of Catania Catania, Italy Daniele Innocenzi, MD (Deceased) University of Bologna Bologna, Italy Rohit Kakar, MD Skin Care and Laser Physicians of Beverly Hills Los Angeles, California Jonette Keri, MD, PhD Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami VA Healthcare System Dermatology Service Miami, Florida Francesco Lacarrubba, MD Dermatology Clinic University of Catania Catania, Italy Marina Landau, MD Department of Dermatology Wolfson Medical Center Holon, Israel Maria Juliet E. Macarayo, MD Dermatology Department Angeles University Foundation Medical Center Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines and University of Bologna Bologna, Italy Vic A. Narurkar, MD Bay Area Laser Institute and Department of Dermatology California Pacific Medical Center San Francisco, California and Associate Clinical Professor of Dermatology University of California Davis School of Medicine Sacramento, California Megan Pirigyi, MD Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois Concetta Potenza, MD Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi” Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy Ilaria Proietti, MD, PhD Dermatology Unit “Daniele Innocenzi” Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy Farhaad Riyaz, MD Department of Dermatology Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois ix Contributors Aurora Tedeschi, MD, PhD Dermatology Clinic University of Catania Catania, Italy Maria Vastarella Section of Dermatology University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy Antonella Tosti, MD University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida Patrick M. Zito, DO Beer Dermatology Associates West Palm Beach, Florida and University of Bologna Bologna, Italy and Department of Dermatology Larkin Community Hospital-Palm Springs Hialeah, Florida