Nội dung

A Study on The Network as Economy Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited The Premise • Modern technological networks are on a collision course with human organizations, both civilian and military: – conflicts arise in all stages: design, configuration, and operations – conflicts with regulatory and C2 constraints – competing financial and other incentives • Time is ripe to integrate economic thought into networking – current technology isolated from human goals and constraints – we must manage and design networks in their broader contexts Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Network-centric Operations are at Risk • • • • Increasingly pervasive networking capability Network configuration complexity is increasing Network speed and pace-ofchange are increasing Traditional network management is expensive and inflexible: – – – – – significant % of soldiers in Iraq overprovisioning centralized control need skilled people at the nodes assume stable environment Economic networking is a key enabler of network-centric operations Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Modern Networks are Economic Systems (whether we like it or not) • Highly decentralized and diverse – allocation of scarce resources; conflicting incentives • Disparate network administrators operate by local incentives – network growth; peering agreements and SLAs • Users may subvert/improvise for their own purposes – free-riding for shared resources (e.g. in peer-to-peer networks) – spam and DDoS as economic problems • Regulatory environments for networking technology – for privacy and security concerns in the Internet – need more “knobs” for society-technology interface Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Economic Principles Can Provide Guidance • Markets for the exchange of standardized resources – goods & services – prices encode exchange rates, compress info – efficiency and equilibrium notions for performance measurement • Game theory, competitive and cooperative – strategic behavior and the management of competing incentives • Learning and adaptation in economic systems – different and broader than traditional machine learning • Certain nontraditional topics in economic thought – behavioral and agent-based approaches • Active research at the CS-economics boundary Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Two Illustrative Scenarios Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Problem: Scarce Wireless Resources • The Setting: • The Problem: • How is it Solved Now? • – ad-hoc, wireless networking in tactical military environments – resource allocation (e.g, bandwidth) – priorities/constraints manually pre-assigned – traditional (centralized) optimization Why is it Economic? – scarce resources and multiple objectives – distributed, autonomous actors with competing/aligned incentives • human: commander-soldier • tech: video vs. chat • resolution should depend on situation – must balance individual incentives with collective mission Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited B o Vide A C Chat D An Economic Solution: A Wireless Bandwidth Market • Goods Being Exchanged: • Currency: • Allocations: • Pricing Mechanism: • Human-System Interface: – local bandwidth: the right to transmit a certain volume at a certain place and time – a virtual currency paid in exchange for local bandwidth – dynamic budgets for units and individuals – top-down assignment through military chain of command – local adjustment according to local supply and demand – communication devices showing current cost of transmission Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Problem: Network Troubleshooting • The Setting: – large, distributed networks of autonomous systems – rich peering and customer-provider relationships – includes both the Internet and military networks • The Problem: – rapid diagnosis & repair of performance, reliability, and security problems – acquiring global information to troubleshoot • How is it Solved Now? – it isn’t – phone calls between NW operators, ping and traceroute, CERT advisories • Why is it Economic? – distributed actors with competing/aligned incentives – real economic incentives to learn external network status (e.g. improve security, performance) – disincentives to reveal local information “for free” Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited An Economic Solution: A Network Diagnostics Exchange • Goods Being Exchanged: • Currency: – local network status information – outputs of diagnostics – e.g. SNMP queries, output of SNORT rules, data feed subscriptions,… – real money (e.g. USD) – could also support barter exchange • Allocations: • Pricing Mechanism: • Human-System Interface: – actual current assets (cash and info) – bid-ask limit order matching process – initially: human participants (e.g. NW operators) in an electronic market – eventually: protocols purchasing and acting on information Cleared for public release, distribution unlimited Google ?