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A Guide to MATLAB This book is a short, focused introduction to MATLAB, a comprehensive software system for mathematics and technical computing. It will be useful to both beginning and experienced users. It contains concise explanations of essential MATLAB commands, as well as easily understood instructions for using MATLAB’s programming features, graphical capabilities, and desktop interface. It also includes an introduction to SIMULINK, a companion to MATLAB for system simulation. Written for MATLAB 6, this book can also be used with earlier (and later) versions of MATLAB. This book contains worked-out examples of applications of MATLAB to interesting problems in mathematics, engineering, economics, and physics. In addition, it contains explicit instructions for using MATLAB’s Microsoft Word interface to produce polished, integrated, interactive documents for reports, presentations, or online publishing. This book explains everything you need to know to begin using MATLAB to do all these things and more. Intermediate and advanced users will find useful information here, especially if they are making the switch to MATLAB 6 from an earlier version. Brian R. Hunt is an Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of Maryland. Professor Hunt has coauthored four books on mathematical software and more than 30 journal articles. He is currently involved in research on dynamical systems and fractal geometry. Ronald L. Lipsman is a Professor of Mathematics and Associate Dean of the College of Computer, Mathematical, and Physical Sciences at the University of Maryland. Professor Lipsman has coauthored five books on mathematical software and more than 70 research articles. Professor Lipsman was the recipient of both the NATO and Fulbright Fellowships. Jonathan M. Rosenberg is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Maryland. Professor Rosenberg is the author of two books on mathematics (one of them coauthored by R. Lipsman and K. Coombes) and the coeditor of Novikov Conjectures, Index Theorems, and Rigidity, a two-volume set from the London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series (Cambridge University Press, 1995). A Guide to MATLAB for Beginners and Experienced Users Brian R. Hunt Ronald L. Lipsman Jonathan M. Rosenberg with Kevin R. Coombes, John E. Osborn, and Garrett J. Stuck    Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge  , United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521803809 © B. Hunt, R. Lipsman, J. Rosenberg, K. Coombes, J. Osborn, G. Stuck 2001 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2001 - - ---- eBook (NetLibrary) --- eBook (NetLibrary) - - ---- hardback --- hardback - - ---- paperback --- paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. MATLAB®, Simulink®, and Handle Graphics® are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. Microsoft®, MS-DOS®, and Windows® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Many other proprietary names used in this book are registered trademarks. Portions of this book were adapted from “Differential Equations with MATLAB” by Kevin R. Coombes, Brian R. Hunt, Ronald L. Lipsman, John E. Osborn, and Garrett J. Stuck, copyright © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adapted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Contents at a Glance Preface page xiii 1 Getting Started 1 2 MATLAB Basics 8 3 Interacting with MATLAB 31 Practice Set A: Algebra and Arithmetic 48 4 Beyond the Basics 50 5 MATLAB Graphics 67 Practice Set B: Calculus, Graphics, and Linear Algebra 86 6 M-Books 91 7 MATLAB Programming 101 8 SIMULINK and GUIs 121 9 Applications 136 Practice Set C: Developing Your MATLAB Skills 204 10 MATLAB and the Internet 214 11 Troubleshooting 218 Solutions to the Practice Sets 235 Glossary 299 Index 317 v Contents Preface 1 2 page xiii Getting Started Platforms and Versions Installation and Location Starting MATLAB Typing in the Command Window Online Help Interrupting Calculations MATLAB Windows Ending a Session 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 MATLAB Basics Input and Output Arithmetic Algebra Symbolic Expressions, Variable Precision, and Exact Arithmetic Managing Variables Errors in Input Online Help Variables and Assignments Solving Equations Vectors and Matrices Vectors Matrices Suppressing Output Functions 8 8 8 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 20 21 23 24 24 vii viii Contents Built-in Functions User-Defined Functions 3 4 24 25 Graphics Graphing with ezplot Modifying Graphs Graphing with plot Plotting Multiple Curves 26 26 27 28 30 Interacting with MATLAB The MATLAB Interface The Desktop Menu and Tool Bars The Workspace The Working Directory Using the Command Window M-Files Script M-Files Function M-Files Loops Presenting Your Results Diary Files Presenting Graphics Pretty Printing A General Procedure Fine-Tuning Your M-Files 31 46 Practice Set A: Algebra and Arithmetic 48 Beyond the Basics Suppressing Output Data Classes String Manipulation Symbolic and Floating Point Numbers Functions and Expressions Substitution More about M-Files Variables in Script M-Files Variables in Function M-Files Structure of Function M-Files 50 31 31 33 33 34 35 36 37 39 41 41 42 43 45 45 50 51 53 53 54 56 56 56 57 57 Contents 5 6 ix Complex Arithmetic 58 More on Matrices Solving Linear Systems Calculating Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 59 60 60 Doing Calculus with MATLAB Differentiation Integration Limits Sums and Products Taylor Series 61 61 62 63 64 65 Default Variables 65 MATLAB Graphics Two-Dimensional Plots Parametric Plots Contour Plots and Implicit Plots Field Plots Three-Dimensional Plots Curves in Three-Dimensional Space Surfaces in Three-Dimensional Space Special Effects Combining Figures in One Window Animations  Customizing and Manipulating Graphics Change of Viewpoint Change of Plot Style Full-Fledged Customization Quick Plot Editing in the Figure Window Sound 67 67 67 69 71 72 72 73 75 76 77 78 80 80 82 84 85 Practice Set B: Calculus, Graphics, and Linear Algebra 86 M-Books Enabling M-Books Starting M-Books Working with M-Books Editing Input The Notebook Menu 91 92 93 95 95 96