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Classic Study Guide Covers 2005 09/8/06 8:55 AM Page 1 SADDLEBACK STUDY GUIDE FOR 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA Saddleback E-Book 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 1 STUDY GUIDE 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA JULES VERNE 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 2 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Around the World in Eighty Days The Call of the Wild Captains Courageous A Christmas Carol The Count of Monte Cristo Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Dracula Frankenstein Great Expectations Gulliver’s Travels The Hound of the Baskervilles The Hunchback of Notre Dame Jane Eyre The Jungle Book Kidnapped The Last of the Mohicans The Man in the Iron Mask Moby Dick Oliver Twist Pride and Prejudice The Prince and the Pauper The Red Badge of Courage Robinson Crusoe The Scarlet Letter Swiss Family Robinson A Tale of Two Cities The Three Musketeers The Time Machine Treasure Island 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea The War of the Worlds White Fang Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Art: Black Eagle Productions Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 E-Mail: info@sdlback.com Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2006 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below. Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2006 are intended for reproduction. Saddleback Educational Publishing grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems. ISBN 1-56254-878-6 Printed in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 06 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 3 CONTENTS Notes to the Teacher . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Facts About the Author . . . . . . . . . 5 Facts About the Times . . . . . . . . . 6 Facts About the Characters . . . . . . 6 Chapter Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Literary Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Sequence of Events, Ch. 8 . . 30 Words and Meanings, Ch. 9 . . 31 Recalling Details, Ch. 9 . . . 32 Words and Meanings, Ch. 10 . 33 Comprehension Check, Ch. 10 . 34 Words and Meanings, Ch. 11 . 35 Comprehension Check, Ch. 11 . 36 Character Study, Ch. 11 . . . . 37 CHAPTER EXERCISES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Words and Meanings, Ch. 1 . . 14 END-OF-BOOK EXERCISES Comprehension Check, Ch. 1 . 15 25 Book Sequence . . . . . . . . . . 38 26 Final Exam, Part 1 . . . . . . . 39 26 Final Exam, Part 2 . . . . . . . 40 Words and Meanings, Ch. 2 . . 16 Sequence of Events, Ch. 2 . . 17 Antonyms, Ch. 2 . . . . . . . . . 18 Words and Meanings, Ch. 3 . . 19 UNIVERSAL EXERCISES Cause and Effect, Ch. 3 . . . . 20 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 Words and Meanings, Ch. 4 . . 21 Comprehension Check, Ch. 4 . 22 Words and Meanings, Ch. 5 . . 23 Sequence of Events, Ch. 5 . . 24 Words and Meanings, Ch. 6 . . 25 Recalling Details, Ch. 6 . . . 26 14 Words and Meanings, Ch. 7 . . 27 15 Mystery Words, Ch. 7 . . . . . 28 16 Words and Meanings, Ch. 8 . . 29 Beyond the Text . . . . . . . . . 41 Plot Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Theme Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 43 Character Study . . . . . . . . . . 44 Vocabulary Study . . . . . . . . 45 Glossary Study . . . . . . . . . . 46 Book Review, Part 1 . . . . . . 47 Book Review, Part 2 . . . . . 48 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 4 SADDLEBACK CLASSICS NOTES TO THE TEACHER THE NOVELS Saddleback Classics were expressly designed to help students with limited reading ability gain access to some of the world’s greatest literature. While retaining the essence and stylistic “flavor” of the original, each Saddleback Classic has been expertly adapted to a reading level that never exceeds grade 4.0. A perfect introduction to later, more in-depth investigations of the original works, Saddleback Classics utilize a number of strategies to ensure the involvement of reluctant readers: airy, uncomplicated page design, shortened sentences, easy-reading type style, elimination of archaic words and spellings, shortened total book length, and handsome illustrations. THE STUDY GUIDES The Saddleback Classics Study Guides provide a wealth of reproducible support materials to help students extend the learning experience. Features include critical background notes on both the author and the times, character descriptions, chapter summaries, and eight “universal” exercises—focusing on plot, theme, character, vocabulary, important literary terms, and book report structure. All may be used to follow up the reading of any Saddleback Classic novel. In addition to the universal exercises, 26 title-specific exercises are included to review, test, or enrich the student’s grasp of important vocabulary and concepts. These enjoyable worksheets, 4 all reproducible, are designed to be used chapter-by-chapter as the student’s reading of the novel proceeds. At least two exercises are provided for each book chapter. One of the two always focuses on key vocabulary. The other may be a simple comprehension check or present an important literary concept such as character analysis, point of view, inference, or figurative language. A two-page final exam is also included in every Saddleback Classics Study Guide. USING THE STUDY GUIDES Before assigning any of the reproducible exercises, be sure your students each have a personal copy of the Glossary and the Facts About the Author and About the Times. Students will need to be familiar with many of the literary terms in order to complete the worksheets. The Facts About the Author and About the Times lend themselves to any number of writing, art, or research projects you may wish to assign. The title-specific exercises may be used as a springboard for class discussions or role-playing. Alternatively, you may wish to assign some exercises as homework and others as seatwork during the closing minutes of a class period. All exercises in this Guide are designed to accommodate independent study as well as group work. The occasional assignment of study partners or competitive teams often enhances interest and promotes creativity. 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 5 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA FACTS ABOUT THE AUTHOR JULES VERNE (1828–1905) The son of a prosperous lawyer, Jules Verne was born in the port of Nantes, France. As a teenager, he moved to Paris, where he, too, studied the law. There, his uncle introduced him to popular French writers such as Alexandre Dumas, the author of The Three Musketeers. In time, his works became recognized as unbelievably prophetic. In 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, for example, his Nautilus submarine predated the real power submarine by 25 years. And his spaceship predicted the actual development of such a craft by 100 years. That inspired young Verne; at the age of 22, he published a one-act comedy called The Broken Straws. While studying for his law degree, Verne became an enthusiastic fan of Edgar Allan Poe’s eerie stories, which had recently been translated into French. Today, Verne is regarded (along with H. G. Wells) as the founding father of science fiction. His best-known novels are Journey to the Center of the Earth, Around the World in Eighty Days, The Mysterious Island, and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Inspired by Poe’s imagination, Verne kept on writing. His early work shows a fascination with scientific progress and inventions that would last all his life. Before long, Verne’s novels, written for young people as well as adults, became popular throughout the world. His fantastic plots carried his readers all over the earth, under it, and above it. For more than 40 years, Jules Verne published at least one book a year. In addition to novels, he wrote short stories, essays, plays, geographical works, and even opera librettos. Jules Verne died at the age of 77 in Amiens, France. Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2003 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com 5 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 6 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA FACTS ABOUT THE TIMES In 1828, when Jules Verne was born . . . Andrew Jackson defeated John Quincy Adams for the presidency of the United States . . . Alexandre Dumas published The Three Musketeers . . . Noah Webster published The American Dictionary of the English Language . . . Jean Henri Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross, was born . . . the Austrian composer Franz Schubert died. In 1873, when 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea was published . . . Ulysses S. Grant had been president of the United States for one year . . . Confederate General Robert E. Lee died . . . the first postcards were introduced in Austria . . . debtors’ prisons were abolished in Britain . . . France declared war on Prussia . . . P. T. Barnum opened his circus, “The Greatest Show on Earth.” In 1905, when Jules Verne died . . . Ty Cobb began his major league baseball career . . . Theodore Roosevelt won a second term as U.S. president . . . Albert Einstein formulated the theory of relativity . . . the first neon light signs appeared . . . the first movie theater in America was established in Pittsburgh . . . Picasso arrived in Paris. FACTS ABOUT THE CHARACTERS The narrator of the story is a 40-year-old professor from the Museum of Natural History in Paris. He’s invited to join the hunt for the mysterious “thing” that’s appeared in the world’s oceans. When he’s washed overboard, his real adventure is just beginning. PIERRE ARONNAX Professor Aronnax’s devoted servant for the past 10 years, he has accompanied his master on many previous expeditions; he is 30 years old. CONSEIL NED LAND a burly and brave Canadian who’s known as the “prince of harpooners,” he, too, is invited to join Farragut’s expedition. In the course of their travels, he becomes Aronnax’s “great friend.” CAPTAIN NEMO the strange and secretive commander of the Nautilus, the submarine that is actually the mysterious “thing.” As he takes Aronnax, Conseil, and Ned Land on a fantastic underwater journey, they discover that he’s a bitter and tortured man, who’s “finished with the human race” because of a great wrong that was done to him. As captain of the Abraham Lincoln, this “daring man” heads an expedition to catch and kill the “thing”—which he is convinced is a sea CREWMEN the sailors on the Nautilus monster. are strong, healthy men from many nations who speak an odd language Aronnax does not understand. COMMANDER FARRAGUT 6 Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2003 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 7 20,000 LEAGUES UNDER THE SEA CHAPTER SUMMARIES CHAPTER 1 In 1866, several ships at sea report sightings of a mysterious “thing.” They say that its size is enormous, that it sometimes glows, and that it seems to swim even faster than a whale. When a ship called the Scotia is struck and damaged by the “thing,” an American ship called the Abraham Lincoln sets out on an expedition to investigate what it is. A professor from France, Pierre Aronnax, along with his faithful servant Conseil, joins the expedition. Captain Farragut, commander of the Abraham Lincoln, also invites a Canadian named Ned Land to join the expedition. He is a master harpooner. Farragut believes the “thing” is a sea monster, Aronnax thinks it’s a narwhal, and Ned Land isn’t sure. CHAPTER 2 For three months at sea, the Abraham Lincoln finds nothing. Farragut offers a reward to encourage the weary crew. Then one day the “thing” appears—but it’s going too fast for the Abraham Lincoln to catch it. After many hours— and having covered 300 miles—the Abraham Lincoln comes close enough for Ned Land to strike it with a harpoon. But his harpoon bounces off the object. The object ejects two huge spouts of water that wash Aronnax, Conseil, and Ned Land off the deck of the ship. Conseil helps Aronnax stay afloat. Just when they are sure they will drown, they hear Ned Land’s voice calling out. By sheer luck, he’s found a place to stand—right on top of the “thing”! Aronnax and Conseil join him. Soon an iron plate on the “thing” moves to one side and the three men are escorted into what they now realize is a submarine. CHAPTER 3 After a long sleep, the three visitors are greeted by Captain Nemo, the commander of the submarine. He claims the right to call them enemies since the Abraham Lincoln attacked his submarine, the Nautilus. He says that they must stay aboard because they’ve uncovered his secret—the fact that he exists. Strangely, he already knows who Aronnax and Ned Land are. After promising them a fascinating journey, he takes Aronnax on a tour of the Nautilus, which includes a museum, a library, and comfortable quarters. Aronnax is surprised to find that the ship is powered by electricity and is also equipped with a long, sharp spur— undoubtedly, the weapon that was used to pierce the hull of the Scotia. In his conversation, Nemo reveals his intense hatred of human society. CHAPTER 4 The visitors to the Nautilus are fascinated when Captain Nemo opens sliding panels within the submarine that reveal huge windows looking out at the deep sea. They pass many hours admiring the sea life. One day Captain Nemo has them dress in diving suits for an underwater hunt on the Island of Crespo. They’re all astounded by the “forest” of sea plants rising straight up 7 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 8 from the ocean floor to the surface. Before returning to the Nautilus, Captain Nemo shoots a magnificent otter, and then bravely saves Aronnax from a shark attack. CHAPTER 5 Leaving the coastal waters of Asia, the Nautilus passes Hawaii. Conseil calls Aronnax to the open panels and shows him a recently wrecked ship; five corpses are still on the deck! Aronnax and Ned Land are growing restless when the submarine gets caught in between coral rocks. Ned urges escape since they’re near the shores of New Guinea. Surprisingly, Nemo gives his three visitors permission to go ashore. There they enjoy eating coconuts and breadfruit, and hunting for game. Ned shoots a wild hog and some small kangaroos. A stone is hurled at their feet just as they’re finishing their dinner around a campfire. CHAPTER 6 Under attack by natives they call “savages,” the three men barely escape on the small boat and head back to the Nautilus. When Aronnax tells Nemo the story, the captain angrily rebukes his use of the word “savages” and insists that the attackers present no danger. But the crowd of natives standing on the submarine’s platform grows. Then one native grabs the rail of the stairway leading down from the hatch; he shrieks and is knocked off his feet. As the rest of them run off, Aronnax realizes that the rail is actually an electrically charged metal cable. Then at last the tide rises and the Nautilus is set free from the coral rocks. Several days later, 8 Nemo sees something in the distance and abruptly orders his visitors to their cabins. Then an injured crewman dies and Nemo invites Ned Land and Aronnax to witness the man’s undersea funeral in the “coral kingdom.” Nemo sadly proclaims the man “safe from men at last.” CHAPTER 7 Aronnax now suspects that Captain Nemo has been maddened by revenge for some terrible wrongdoing. But he and Conseil, armed with daggers, join Nemo on a pearl hunt in the Indian Ocean. While watching an Indian pearl diver at work, they see a shark heading his way. Nemo bravely attacks it with his dagger, and Ned Land finally harpoons it in the heart. When they return the Indian to his boat, Nemo gives him a bag of pearls. Aronnax is again amazed that a man who’d said he was “through with the human race” would risk his life for a stranger. Later, Ned Land harpoons a 10,000-pound dugong. Then Nemo takes the Nautilus through an underwater tunnel that leads from the Suez to the Mediterranean in less than 20 minutes. CHAPTER 8 As the months go by, Ned is desperate to escape the Nautilus. Aronnax, who’s still enjoying the exciting underwater adventures, reluctantly agrees to join him. Near the island of Crete, Captain Nemo shows Aronnax a chest filled with gold ingots. On the same day, Ned Land calls for Aronnax to escape with him that very night. But before they leave, Captain Nemo opens the panels 20,000 Leagues SG 09/25/06 8:48 PM Page 9 to show Aronnax several of his men who are harvesting gold, silver, and jewels from the half-rotted cases of an old shipwreck. Once again Aronnax is surprised to find out that Nemo is giving the gold to the suffering people of war-torn Crete. He thinks about how strange it is for a bitter man to do such a kind deed! CHAPTER 9 While they are looking at an extinct volcano, Nemo tells his visitors that his men get coal from the volcano. Then they extract sodium from the coal, which they use to make electricity. The next day they travel south across the Sargasso Sea, which is covered with a carpet of seaweed. When the Nautilus heads farther south, Aronnax wonders if Nemo is actually bound for the South Pole—an insane venture, in Aronnax’s opinion. They meet a pod of sperm whales as they journey on, and Nemo slaughters them with the Nautilus’s long spur. Nemo justifies this slaughter by saying they are “terrible animals” that are preying on the southern whales, which are already diminishing in number. Ned Land gets more frustrated as they dodge icebergs on their way south. The Nautilus has trouble coming to the surface because of the extremely thick ice—but they finally make it. CHAPTER 10 When they arrive at the South Pole, Aronnax insists that Nemo be the first to set foot on it. The captain happily does this, claiming “possession of this part of the globe.” In the middle of the night, the Nautilus strikes an iceberg and becomes completely surrounded by a thick wall of ice. Captain Nemo uses hot water from the submarine’s boilers to warm the sea enough for the crew to dig the vessel out. Before they finally get free, they almost run out of the air stored in the Nautilus’s reservoirs. Then giant, tentacled cuttlefish attack the Nautilus. Nemo uses a hatchet in an effort to free a crewman who’s been lifted in the air by one of the tentacles. He weeps when he fails to rescue the unfortunate sailor. CHAPTER 11 Bad weather continues to delay the planned escape. One day Nemo shows Aronnax two manuscripts he’s been writing: One is the story of his life, and the other tells all he knows about the sea. He plans to pack his writings in a watertight case and set it adrift. When Aronnax offers to deliver it, Nemo says again that “whoever enters the Nautilus must never leave it.” Later, Nemo becomes enraged when the Nautilus is fired at by a man-of-war. He vows to sink the ship, claiming that because of “those people,” he’s lost his country and his family. Aronnax and Ned Land are horrified when he sinks the ship with the sharp spur. They are about to escape in the boat when the Nautilus gets sucked into a deadly maelstrom. The boat carrying Aronnax, Ned Land, and Conseil is hurled from the whirlpool. When the three men regain consciousness, they are in a fisherman’s hut in Norway, awaiting passage to take them home. Aronnax hopes, if the Nautilus somehow survived, that Captain Nemo will one day find peace. 9